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Objective Religions Studies
Debunking Creationisms

Darwin vs. Jean Baptiste Lemarck

When discussing the debate over Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, many misguided moral crusaders will cry fowl by claiming schools and universities are not hearing out alternative views. The most common alternative view they push is creationism/intelligent design (they're really the same thing). But these religiously motivated theories had been disproven long ago because they could never hold up under peer review and could not explain anywhere near the phenomenon that evolution explained. Since it is drawn from the annuls of bronze age mythology, it can't be tested or verified. It can't even be taken seriously. Only evolution has been able to explain the vast biodiversity of life on Earth. That is why no alternative is taught. But that doesn't mean there weren't any.

One alternative that most religious zealots never even mention is the evolutionary theory of Jean Baptiste Lemarck. His theory, which is similar to Darwin's, hypothesized that individuals of a species could gain attributes in their lifetime that would favor their survivability and hence pass them to their offspring. He called this 'aquired characteristics.' For example, if a man worked as a blacksmith most of his life and developed big, strong arms then under Lemarck's theory he would pass the trait of big strong arms to his offspring.

History of Jean Baptiste Lemarck (1744-1829)

This theory, which came before Darwin, was tested by science and eventually disproven by Mendal genetics. Darwin later got it right when he hypothesized that populations evolved, but not individuals. Lemarck was discredited, which is part of why he is rarely mentioned in science today. But what also goes unnoticed is how his work would later influence the debate over evolution.

One of the major arguments anti-evolution crusaders often make is that evolution is a slippery slope. Teaching it leads to some kind of degradation of morality. Their favorite tactics is to associate it with the likes of Hitler and Stalin, claiming they were fervent evolutionary supporters. But nothing could be further from the truth.

Stalin, who used many cruel reasons to justify his slaughter, was NOT a supporter of evolution. He and many others in the communist party believed in Lemarck. Soviet psuedo-scientist Tromfim Lysenko denounced evolution and Mendelian genetics as a capitalist myth. Stalin took this and in his propaganda promoted Lemarck, believing that using acquired characteristics and the proper conditioning of individuals in their totalitarian state they could create a new race he called homo soviticus (the ideal communist). Those that actually pushed evolution or 'Darwinism' as they called it were sent to the gulags. These ideas were later adopted by another Lemarck supporter, Mao Zedong for the same reason. So those that say they were ardent Darwinists do not check their facts.

Lemarck and Communism

Lysenkoism and Stalinist Russia

Hitler was another tyrant who liked the appeal of Lemarck's work. It fell much more in line with his radical ideology on racial superiority. Many erroneously say he favored Social Darwinism (a perversion of real evolution anyhow), but his ideas of conditioning his people and exterminating undesireables is much more in line with Lemarck.

Hitler and Lemarck

Now just because these tyrants favored Lemarck does not mean Lemarck deserves to be associated with them. It just shows that those attempting to discredit Darwin and evolution are not checking their facts. Even if evolution were used as justification by madmen and despots, that wouldn't make it any less true. But it isn't and it's ridiculuous to assert otherwise by linking it to undesirable figures in history. Lemarck like creationism/intelligent design have both been disproven by science. That is why evolution is accepted.

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Celebrating Charles Darwin's 200th Birthday

On February 12, 1809, Charles Darwin was born and the scientific world would never be the same. 200 years later, his impact cannot be understated not just in his contributions to science, but also in his profound effect on religion, culture, and philosophy. It is ironic as well because Charles Darwin never saw himself as anything more than a man of science. It would be future generations that would take his simple theory and extrapolate so much more from it.
 
For better or worse, Charles Darwin is a figure constantly referenced in the culture wars. His theory flew in the face of many old traditions, most notably that of creationism. Like Pasteur before him along with Newton and Galileo, most people had only age-old stories to explain forces they didn't understand. Darwin's idea was revolutionary in its reasoning. For the first time a mechanism of change within living things was identified and the principle of evolving, adapting, dynamic systems of life made sense. And it did this without evoking supernatural forces. This upset many ardent believers and still does to this day. But some people take it further.
 
Religous coservatives and even radical political groups like the Nazi's condemned evolution. Ironically it was those who despised it that gave it the ideologicial connotations that are frequently used in the culture wars today. Darwin never mentioned anything about philosophy, politics, or morality in his work. Yet there are those who see evolution as a philosophy of sorts that those opposed to traditional spiritual beliefs support. This is completely ignoring the essance of what evolution is and it ignores the very tenants of science, but the conflict persists as evolution is an easy target because it's so vast and explains something so grand that some people can't accept that there were no divine forces involved.
 
This uncertainty and ignorance about evolution is why many don't believe it, particularly in the religous landscape of America. A recent gallap poll revealed that only 39 percent of American's believe in evolution. Many do so on religious grounds without understanding what evolution truly is or what Darwin truly laid out. In most other industrialized countries the vast majority of the population accepts evolution. Even the late Pope John Paul conceded that evolution was a well founded theory that should be taken seriously and shouldn't be rejected on the grounds of faith. In the academic circle, it's even more widely accepted. Over 95 percent of all scientists agree with evolution and it remains the foundation for modern biology.
 
But regardless of how many people believe it, evolution has proven the test of time. Darwin was very bold for his time to make such a hypothesis when there was no knowledge of DNA, cells, or advanced biochemistry. There were even fewer fossils to be referenced yet he predicted that over time science would uncover a fossil record that would illustrate the common descent of species over the ages. And he was correct. Fossils along with many other advances on biology and chemistry have proven Darwin's theory with a wealth of information even he couldn't have dreamed.
 
Evolution has shined light on our understanding of life and while still entrenched in the culture war, has left an undeniable impact on the world. And it all began 200 years ago with the birth of a man with humble beginnings. Charles Darwin's contribution to the world is arguably one of the most important in the annals of science. It continues to draw controversy from those who do not understand it, but it is still a feat worthy of celebration two centuries later. 
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Bridging Gaps of Ignorance

Recently, Marvin Olasky posted an article detailing ways to start dialogue between what he called 'darwinists' and believers like himself. The article tried to appear reasonable, but Olasky made no secret of his bias.
 
 
First off, he makes one key mistake. There is no such thing in the scientific world as "Darwinism." It isn't an ideology and it isn't a philosophy. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is just that, a theory. And a theory, which Olasky seems to confuse with blind speculation, is defined in science as a coherent explanation about natural phenomena supported by evidence. Olasky then goes onto list what he considers weaknesses of evolution, which if he did any research whatsoever would have known were illogical and disproven claims made by creationists.
 
First off, he claims there has never been an observed instance of one 'kind' of animal turning into another 'kind.' But he never gives a single explanation for what a 'kind' is. He claims nobody ever saw a dog produce a cat. Well of course! Evolution doesn't allow that. It allows for speciation and common descent from a common ancestor. And speciation has been observed in the wild and in the lab many times. Check the link below for peer reviewed evidence of it:
 
 
Then he goes onto claim DNA is like a computer and as such it needs a programmer. But this isn't what DNA is and it's a totally false dichtomy. DNA is NOT like a computer. It is product of chemistry and physics. And moreover, the origin of DNA has NOTHING to do with evolution. That would be Abiogenesis, which does have a body of evidence supporting it, but of course Olasky doesn't make that distinction. No dogmatic, anti-science creationist would. It may cause them to think too much. Moreover, DNA is not necessary to survive. Simple bacteria function just fine without it. They use only RNA. So Orlasky clearly hasn't read a high school science textbook either because anybody with a capacity to check facts would know that.
 
Lastly, Olasky makes the old irreducible complexity argument, championed by Michael Behe, a noted Intelligent Design advocate. He claims DNA and cells are just too complex to have emerged from natural processes. But once again he shows more ignorance when he says mutations can't account for such change because they're often disadventageous. This is completely wrong and any textbook will confirm that. Most mutations are completely nuetral. And it has been estimated that there are well over 100 per zygote after conception. And over time mutations do accumulate in DNA so that when conditions change, the previously neutral mutation may provide a benefit or detriment. Natural selection takes over.
 
Orlasky, like all creationists, is working off the assumption that god created everything as it says in the bible and evolution is by definition flawed because it conflicts with his beliefs. This is completely wrong not to mention self-centered. Just because a theory happens to contradict a certain story about a certain deity and believers don't like it doesn't mean that it has to be false. Evolution is true because evidence supports it. And many different fields cross confirm it including palentology, chemistry, biology, psychology, sociology, and taxonomy. Creationism and Intelligent design isn't cross confirmed by ANYTHING. It's wild speculation from creationists who are trying ot sound more scientific. But they make the same mistake. They try to inject their spiritual beliefs into science and that violates the very definition of science. Science by its own design can only deal with natural forces. Anything supernatural is the domain of speculation, faith, and psuedo-science.
 
It's also worth noting that people like Orlasky are singling out just one theory. It's easy to forget that biblical dogma also contradicts the heliocentric theory, the theory that the Earth revolves around the sun, and it also contradicts germ theory because the bible says in many passages that disease is caused by evil spirits (1st Samuel 16:14-16). So why evolution? Well evolution is easier to doubt because it deals with the past and there's always a touch of uncertainty when dealing with the past. Even when the evidence is blatently clear, that's not enough for believers. Any gap must discredit the entire theory, thus vindicating their cherished beliefs.
 
Orlasky ends his article with very dry references to these 'darwinists' he refers to. He plays the old addage that life is such a miracle and it couldn't possibly have just happened naturally. Well that's not a scientific fact. That's a subjective opinion. Science is not nearly as arrogant as Orlasky puts it. Science is willing to state that it does not have all the answers, but it always investigating. Pepole like Orlasky and other creationists adherents are so arrogant they try to make it sound as though they know what science doesn't and only ask that people suspend their reason and believe Bronze Age folklore on faith. Not only is that completely unscientific, it's an afront to human curiosity. Orlasky like every creationist before him doesn't understand what science is, but is willing to attack it if he sees it as an afront to his beliefs. He is willing to ignore all the good that science does just so he and others like him can be content in their beliefs. It is arrogant and conceit in the highest regard and deserves only the greatest of scorn.
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Even Christians are Turning Away from Creationism

A 2006 poll conducted by CBS revealed that 55 percent of Americans believe God created humans in their present form without any evolutionary processes while 27 percent said God guided the evolutionary process and just 13 percent said God was not involved at all. No other Western nation with the possible exception of Turkey has so many people believing in something that has been repeatedly proven time again to be dead wrong on every level. While the public may be split, over 95 percent of scientists agree that evolution is true and no god or goddess or spirit was involved. But that doesn't stop vocal fundementalist Christians from pushing their views on others as a way to promote their agenda and since science doesn't support creationism or its close relative intelligent design they lobby for state support in classrooms.

Thankfully, though, some church leaders are trying to move away from this pointless debate. Times Online, a UK news service, reported recently that leaders of the Church of England are planning to unveil a new website that promotes evolution over creationism. The launch of the site will culminate on the 150th anniversary of the day when Charles Darwin first proposed his theory of evolution by natural selection to the scientific community. It stands in stark contrast to established Christian conservatives who interpret the Bible literally and push a Christian centered agenda on politicians and communities. But Anglican leaders feel the creationist movement, which has much stronger roots in America, is having a negative impact on Christianity worldwide. Because of how vocal creationists like Ken Ham, Duane Gish, and the late Henry Morris are they paint an image of Christians that shows them as irrational, stubborn, ignorant, and intolerant. In the article Rev. Malcolm Brown summerized it best with his quote:

“Christian attitudes don't have to be either a complete swallowing of Darwin and everything that has been done in his name, on the one hand, and, on the other, the complete rejection of scientific method with a literal interpretation of the Bible."

Religion has always been a touchy subject and many are quick to defend their faith against what they percieve as attacks. But by defending creationism they do a disservice to their faith by promoting a narrow worldview that may alienate those of different beliefs and even those of the Christian faith. It makes dialogue between those of differing beliefs very difficult and causes people to reject ideas on the basis of holding onto their cherished beliefs because they simply cannot accept that they are just stories.

As an atheist, I've come across many who refuse to hear any arguments that may disprove their beliefs. They'll cite any number of unscientific references as proof, but they flat out reject all notions of inquery and investigation in favor of a set and defined worldview where there is no gray area and there is no uncertainty. I was once a Christian, but I didn't become an atheist because of a scientific theory. I became an atheist because through my experiences I learned that along with the idea that there is no Santa Claus, there is no Easter Bunny, and there are no unicorns, fairies, or dragons there is also no god. Evolution played no part in it.

There's nothing wrong with being a Christian. There's nothing wrong with being a pagan, a Raelien, or a Satanist. You're free to believe whatever you want to believe. But creationists go too far in trying to prove that their mythos is scientifically proven while others are all wrong even though no good science accepts their positions. They are no different than those who believed the Earth was the center of the universise and disease was caused by evil spirits. And the fact they try to use science to prove the existance of god, who is by default a supernatural being, violates the fundemntal philosophies of science which state it can make no statement on the supernatural. Science does not stop anybody from believing in whatever they want to believe and hopefully more church leaders will step up and fight to save their faith from creationist nonsense.

See the full article at this link
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